Everything You Need to Know About SRAM IC

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Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) is a type of random access memory that is used in a wide range of modern electronic applications.

 SRAM is always part of the memory architecture of most electronic devices. It is used for important data-related applications.

 SRAM derives its name from the fact that it stores data in static form. The data will remain in the data state as long as there is a constant power supply.

 In case the power supply is interrupted, then the data will be completely wiped out from the memory chip.

 The “static” refers to the fact that data on the chip does not need refreshing to retain its state. This is unlike DRAM where data needs to be refreshed constantly.

 If you are building an electronic device or appliance, you must have the right information about SRAM.

 This is the exact purpose of this guide. We are going to break down everything that you should know about static random access memory.

You will learn what it is, how it works, and types of SRAM, among many other essential information about this memory chip.

By the end of the guide, you will be in a perfect position to choose the right SRAM that will suit your application. 

History of SRAM IC

The very first SRAM IC was invented in 1964 by Robert Norman. This original chip was further developed a year later by John Schmidt. This SRAM chip had 64-bit MOS and a p-channel SRAM.

 Research and development activities of SRAM took place at Fairchild Semiconductor.

 From the first invention, many experimental activities were aimed at coming up with the best SRAM.

 In 1965, Benjamin Agusta with a team of experts at IBM created a 16-bit memory chip that had 80 transistors, 4 diodes, and 64 resistors.

In 1969, Intel Inc released its first-ever SRAM IC known as Intel 3101. This SRAM was purposed to replace the bulky magnetic core modules and had 64 bits.

 Where is data stored in SRAM IC?

Data is stored on the transistors of an SRAM and is stored in the form of bits. These transistors have a switching function that changes to signify the type of data on the SRAM memory chip.

 In this context, the state of memory refers to whether data is available or not. This is important when you intend to execute either data reading or writing.

 These states are represented in the binary form which is either 0 or 1. This explains why SRAM is usually linked to the flip-flop circuit. The state of memory keeps changing from one state to another.

 Understanding the memory architecture of SRAM IC

 Memory architecture refers to the structural arrangement and design of the memory chip. It also defines how the memory chip can be accessed.

As an integrated circuit, SRAM comprises different electronic components that have been carefully arranged and placed for performance functionality, and compatibility.

Memory cells make up the structure of the SRAM IC. One memory cell in the structure is equal to one bit. This bit is usually presented as two inverters connected by an electric circuit.

One inverter is made of an NMOS transistor while the other one has a PMOS transistor. They are connected to the row line with an electric circuit at the center.

 The state of each inverter is represented by a binary number which is either 0 or 1. The binary representations define the accessibility of the data.

 Take note that not all SRAM IC chips follow the same structure. A 6T SRAM cell has two inverters that are cross-coupled. One of the inverters forms the access transistor while the other one is a cut-off transistor.

 Understanding the memory speed of SRAM IC

Memory speed refers to the time taken for the memory bit in a chip to change its state. These states can be read or written.

Fast memory speed means that data on the SRAM chip can be read or written at a fast pace. It also means that data can be transferred to and from the chip fast.

One of the advantages of SRAM IC is its fast memory speed. It can support fast data processing because it does not need to be refreshed for the data to be retained on the chip.

 The fast speed comes at the cost of power consumption. The chips consume high levels of power to support the high speeds of reading and writing data.

 The presence of 6 transistors is another factor that contributes to the high power consumption rate of these chips.  However, this should not cause any worry as you will still get optimum performance from the chip.

Applications of SRAM

Here are some of the notable application areas of SRAM IC;

In computers

 This is the most common application area of SRAM IC. They are present in different types of computers including workstations personal computers, and laptops.

These chips are also found in peripheral devices that are used alongside computers.

 In computers, SRAMs are used in CPU caches, CPU caches, GPU caches, burst mode caches, router buffers, and hard disk buffers.

Peripheral devices such as LCD screens and printers have SRAM ICs for the management and storage of data.

Embedded systems

SRAM chips are used for data management in most embedded systems. An embedded system is a computer that is designed to execute specific roles in another device. It is embedded to that device hence the name.

In such applications, it is referred to as  ESRAM, or embedded SRAM. They enhance data access to the device without the need for a refreshing cycle.

SRAM ICs also improve the performance, functionality, and reliability of the embedded systems. The static nature of these chips also helps minimize the power consumption of the embedded devices.

The chips are also used for digital signal processing circuits that are found in embedded systems.

SRAM vs DRAM: What is the difference?

DRAM will always get a mention whenever the discussion is about SRAM.

While both are volatile memory chips, one is static while the other is dynamic.

 The two differ in terms of features and performance.

You can differentiate them on how they have been designed and constructed.

SRAM  IC  relies on a flip-flop circuit to store each bit of data in the memory chip.  The data on the circuit is in two states: 0 and 1.

The flip-flop of an SRAM IC comprises six transistors. Four of these transistors are for storing data while two are for controlling access to the chip’s memory cell.

 On the other hand, a DRAM IC consists of only one transistor and one capacitor. The two are fully capable of storing data which is in the form of 0 and 1.

The transistor in the DRAM serves as a switch whereby it reads the state of the capacitor whose core purpose is to store electric charges.

The main problem of this working principle is the leakage of charges, which can lead to data loss. To minimize this, the chip has to be refreshed periodically as this is the only way that it will be able to retain the stored data.

Beyond the architecture, how do SRAM and DRAM memory chips differ in terms of performance?

In terms of speed, SRAM is faster than DRAM IC. This is mainly because it doesn’t require periodic refreshing during the data storage and transfer operations.

 When it comes to cost, SRAM is more expensive than DRAM. Complex design and sophistication make the production process more expensive.

 The size of memory cells on SRAM is larger than that on DRAM. This implies that SRAM has fewer memory cells per chip than DRAM.

 When it comes to power consumption, SRAM ICs use less power than DRAM ICs.

SRAM technical specifications

 Regardless of the application area, it is important to know important specifications of SRAM transistors before you buy one. They determine not only the functionality of the chip but also its performance. Here are some key SRAM technical specifications that you should know:

· SRAM density is the capacity of chips that make up the SRAM It is measured in bits.

·  Bits per word are the number of columns that are connected to the read/write circuit of an SRAM IC.

· Cycle time: This is the time that is taken for a single read or write operation to be performed. After a single cycle, the chip is reset for another cycle to begin.

·  Data retention voltage is the minimum voltage that is needed by the memory cells to retain the stored data

· Data rate is the number of speeds per second in which the data is moved in the memory chip

Advantages of  SRAM IC

Some of the top advantages of  SRAM IC include:

· Fast memory chip. Compared to other memory chips, SRAM guarantees fast read and write operations

· The chip does not need to be refreshed to retain data

· Stable and highly reliable

· Has a relatively lower power consumption rate

Disadvantages

SRAM chips are quite expensive. The complexity of the chips makes it expensive to design and manufacture them.

SRAM memory chips tend to have low chip density. This tends to limit their data storage capacities.

FAQ about SRAM IC

 Here are some of the most common questions that are asked about SRAM memory chips.

 What is the main function of SRAM IC?

The main function of SRAM IC is to store cache memory in processors and microcontrollers. The chip stores this important data as the execution process is still ongoing. By doing so, it enhances the accessibility of data and instructions that are needed by a processor.

What is the location of SRAM in devices?

 Beyond knowing how SRAM stores data, it is important to know its exact location on electronic devices.

In most devices, SRAM IC is located on the processor whereby it serves as a perfect storage location for the cache data. The location allows processors to easily access this data. 

What is the difference between 6T and 7T SRAM?

 The main difference between these two is in terms of speed. 7T SRAM IC has faster read and write speeds than the 6T. The power consumption of 7T is also lower than that of 6T SRAM IC. 

Where can I buy SRAM IC?

 The most ideal place to buy SRAM IC is from reputable electronic component suppliers and manufacturers. Most of the stock has different types of memory chips including SRAM.

In case you intend to import SRAM from China, you should focus on working with reliable sourcing agents who will get these products from the best manufacturers.

Why is SRAM expensive?

Compared to other memory chips such as DRAM,  SRAM is more expensive. The main reason for this is the high cost of manufacturing.

Since SRAM   uses a flip-flop circuit, it has more transistors than DRAM. SRAM has 6 transistors while DRAM has only one.

 Where you buy SRAM IC will also determine how much you will pay for the product. Choose an affordable supplier and buy the chips in bulk. 

Conclusion

Overall, SRAM IC is an integral component in electronic devices and other related applications. It is a memory module that improves the overall functionality and performance of host devices.

As we have discussed,  it can retail data as long as there is there is a constant power supply to the device.

The chip is mainly used for storing caches and as well as video memory.

 With this guide, I am sure you are in a perfect position to buy the right SRAM IC for your business.

When it comes to buying SRAM IC in bulk, you should be extra careful and vigilant about where you buy from.

Choose the right suppliers and distributors of these memory chips.

 In case you are planning to buy SRAM IC in China, you should consider making Rantle East Electronic your business partner.

We are a reliable global distributor of SRAM ICs.

With over 20 years of experience in this field, you are not only sure of getting high-quality products but also excellent customer service.

 All you need is to contact us and we will ensure you get the right SRAM IC.