The 1N4006 and 1N4007 are part of the widely used 1N400x series of rectifier diodes, known for their reliability in low-frequency power applications. While they share many characteristics, their key differences lie in voltage ratings. This article provides a detailed comparison to guide engineers, hobbyists, and designers in selecting the appropriate diode for their needs.

Key Specifications Comparison

Detailed Differences

1. Voltage Ratings

The primary distinction is the peak reverse voltage (PRV):

• 1N4006: Rated for 800 V.

• 1N4007: Rated for 1000 V.

This makes the 1N4007 suitable for applications with higher voltage requirements, such as industrial power supplies or circuits with voltage spikes.

2. Naming Convention

In the 1N400x series, the last digit indicates the voltage rating:

• 1N4001 (50 V) to 1N4007 (1000 V).

Similarities

1. Electrical Characteristics

• Forward Current: Both handle 1 A average current.

• Forward Voltage Drop: ~1.1 V at 1 A.

• Reverse Leakage Current: ≤5 μA at 25°C.

• Surge Current: 30 A (non-repetitive).

2. Physical and Thermal Properties

• Package: DO-41 axial lead for easy through-hole mounting.

• Thermal Performance: Identical junction-to-ambient thermal resistance (50°C/W).

Application Considerations

1. When to Use 1N4006

• Low-Voltage AC/DC Conversion: Suitable for circuits with PRV < 800 V (e.g., 120–240 V AC rectification with safety margins).

• Cost-Sensitive Designs: Slightly lower cost than 1N4007 in bulk purchases.

2. When to Use 1N4007

• High-Voltage Environments: Ideal for 220–240 V AC systems where PRV exceeds 800 V.

• Safety Margins: Provides buffer against voltage transients in industrial or unstable power grids.

Example Calculation:

For a 220 V RMS AC input:

• Peak voltage = $220\times \sqrt{2}\approx 311\text{?}\text{V}$.

• In a bridge rectifier, diodes experience ~311 V reverse voltage.

• Including a 2x safety margin: $311\times 2=622\text{?}\text{V}$.

• 1N4006 (800 V) suffices, but 1N4007 (1000 V) offers extra protection against spikes.

Replacement and Interchangeability

• 1N4007 as a Substitute: Can replace 1N4006 in all applications due to higher PRV.

• 1N4006 Limitations: Not recommended for circuits exceeding 800 V.

Cost and Availability

• Price: Minimal difference (1N4007 often <10% costlier).

• Availability: Both are widely stocked, but 1N4007 is more popular due to versatility.

Conclusion

The 1N4007 is the superior choice for most applications due to its higher voltage tolerance and negligible price difference. However, the 1N4006 remains viable for cost-sensitive, low-voltage designs. Always prioritize voltage requirements and safety margins when selecting between these diodes.

Final Recommendation: Default to the 1N4007 for future-proofing and enhanced reliability.